英语演讲主题

hello everyone! my name is xx, very honored to be in this special and profound meaning of the moment, lecture speech.

in may 4th 90 years ago, more than 3000 beijing students shouted "defend our sovereignty, punish the traitor," cancel "twenty-one", "refused to sign the treaty" and other slogans, opened a new chapter of the chinese revolution. this is a far-reaching great patriotic movement, but also a profound ideological liberation movement and the new culture movement.

yes! this is the five four great patriotic movement.

in this surge high and sweep forward the revolutionary youth movement, patriotic spirit, the spirit of democracy and science cohere, common to create both a profound connotation, and distinctive characteristics of the times spirit of "five four". "five four spirit" is the embodiment of chinese youth, patriotic enthusiasm is a pursuit of the spirit of progress, is a kind of brave, tenacious struggle of the spirit, it is the revolutionary predecessors, left us a valuable spiritual wealth of the chinese nation, patriotism, progress, democracy, scientific.

nsibility, is the glorious tradition of chinese youth movement since five four. we should further carry forward the glorious tradition of today, to shoulder the historical mission of contemporary youth gives us. in order to realize the comprehensive construction well-off society, constructing the harmonious society, to build china into a prosperous, democratic, civilized socialist country, and realize the great rejuvenation of the chinese nation and work!

however, bacon once said: "youth is perishable, and you spend it, time will abandon you." as the new century, the youth, is a front, we are the first to touch our heart era, affects the pulse of the nation.

as the new century college students, we should establish lofty ideals.

英语演讲主题

关键词：英语口语教学；演讲课；建设

中图分类号：G642.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-6124（2013）04-0094-03

目前我国高校英语专业主要开设听、说、读、写、译等语言技能课来帮助学生获得语言技能。这种技能课的教学理念在拓展学生知识面、提高学生思辨能力方面却存在诸多弊病 [1 ]。高校英语专业口语课的问题尤为突出，口语课普遍缺乏全方位的综合素质培养，基本停留在语言层面的机械操练上，也就是说，只是重视了语言表达的流畅性，而没有重视所表达内容的逻辑性和合理性。大多数学生在陈述观点或说服他人时缺乏有效推理、合理运用论据、组织论据、分析和支撑论点的能力。这既是课程内容定位上的偏差，在某种程度上，也是口语教学理念上的守旧。要实现口语表达的速度、准度、深度、力度，开设英语演讲课程已成为一种必然。这不是简单意义上的口语课的补充和延伸，而是以实战为目标的专业技能课。它强调语言思维训练、语言运用能力、逻辑推理能力、快速反应能力、自信心培养等。

一、演讲课历史的沉淀与启发

公共演讲是指一个人在公共场合以听众为对象，以有声语言为主要手段，以体态语言为辅助，针对某一主题或某一事件发表讲话，鲜明、完整地发表自己的看法、见解和主张，阐明事理或抒感，进行宣传鼓动的语言交际沟通行为。演讲有赖于一定的天分，更有赖于后天的习得。历史上的雄辩之才，无不经历严格的语言课堂训练。早在古希腊时，苏格拉底等人的弟子就以“雄辩术”作为其必修内容。英国剑桥和牛津大学从15世纪起便开设了相关课程。美国大学的言语教学最早可以追溯到17世纪哈佛大学创立之时。但在20世纪前，美国只有极少数大学成立了独立的言语系，言语教学主要由英语语言和文学系承担。直到20世纪初，人们才越来越意识到言语教学的重要性，主张成立独立的言语系的呼声越来越高。1914年，演讲教师协会成立。独立出来的言语系大多命名为“公共演讲系”，1920年以后统一更名为“言语系”，60年代更名为“言语传播系”。如今公共演讲已成为美国大学里最普遍的交际基础课，是高等教育必不可少的一部分，几乎所有的大学都将此课设为必修课。

英语演讲课在我国还是一门刚刚兴起的课程，对其重要性的认识也没有达到英语语言学和文学课等课程的程度，开设此课程的高校也不是太多。其实，在国外这门课程的功能和价值问题早在几百年前甚至一千多年前就已经解决了。我们现在要讨论的不是课程的必要性，而是课程的发展性，如：教材建设、教学手段、教学视野等，要让课程显示出对于演讲能力提升的作用力。

二、演讲课教材的审视与建设――基于《英语口语教程》

目前，我国市场上有关演讲与口才的图书比较多，但真正意义上的教材少，即便是用做教材的，也都重墨于演讲的艺术表达形式（包括语音、语调、肢体形态等），或者如何塑造一个演说家。这样的定位偏高偏窄，造成教材太专业化、太格式化，内容陈旧，辐射角度小，且缺少灵活性。于是，很多高校采用了Stephen E. Lucas编写的《演讲的艺术》 [2 ]。这本教材编排虽然很好，但它主要针对母语为英语的学习者，语言难度和选材内容都不太适合中国学生。那么，推出一套适合于中国学生的教材就显得特别关键。

《英语口语教程》（上、下册）是笔者主持编写的教材。基于对主流口语教材的对比研究以及我们的认识和理解，教材明确地把口语课分成两大块：“基本技能训练（上）”和“演讲与辩论（下）”。“基本技能训练”侧重交际功能训练，从培养学生开口说英语的激情和习惯，逐步过渡到英语思维、英语连贯表达。 “演讲与辩论”就是英语演讲、英语辩论的专门化训练，比如主题演讲、即兴演讲、专题辩论、法庭模拟等，让学生熟悉一般英语辩论的规则和技巧，增强批判性倾听能力、快速反应能力以及辨析能力 [3 ]。在编写过程中吸纳与采用美国语言学家Krashen的“输入假设”理论和Swain的“输出假设”理论，强调输入与输出相结合。Krashen在其“输入假设”中指出，语言学习者要习得第二语言首先要克服心理障碍，借助语言环境，大量输入略高于自身现有水平的可理解的语言。最佳的语言输入有以下4个特征，即可理解性、趣味性/相关性、非语法程序安排以及足够的输入量 [4 ]。输入方式包括阅读材料输入、视听材料输入、篇章背诵输入、教师课堂知识输入等。Swain对于“输入假设”理论进行了补充，认为学习者不仅需要可理解性输入，还必须有可理解性的输出，只有创造机会充分使用所学的语言，才有可能锻炼学习者的流利度和语法的准确度 [5 ]。课堂输出活动包括模仿表演、看图说话、故事复述、故事创作、角色演绎、主题演讲、专题辩论等。把整个教学过程视为一个系统工程来进行立体的综合化建构，实现英语说、读、写、视、听、辩能力培养的空间一体化，是教材建设的基本出发点。

三、演讲课的教学原则与手段

英语演讲课有2个要素：一个是教师的“教”，教师在课堂上向学生讲解演讲的相关知识，诸如演讲技巧、演讲稿写作、演讲审美及演讲心理等；另一个是学生的“练”，演讲课需要学生在现实生活场景中，利用现实的生活元素，自主地、系统地、探究地进行演讲演练，促进知、情、意、行的统一协调发展。课上应“精讲多练”，教师要运用激励机制和各种教学手段，营造宽松型、学生友好型的课堂氛围，构建以教师为主导、学生为主体、训练为主线的交互式立体化教学模式。因此教师一定要合理分配“教”与“练”的比例，精心设计和组织演讲场景，把比较多的时间留给学生进行模仿、操练，充分体现“以学生为中心”的教学原则。

1. 观摩成功演讲范例

英语演讲对于中国学生来说是一个充满困难和挑战的领域，而进入这个领域的最快捷的途径是观摩。通过观摩，学生对英语演讲有一个直观的感性认识和体验。可以让学生观看英美国家名人演讲的精彩片段，让他们很直观地感受大师们的语言魅力和人格魅力。观摩之初，要求学生认真聆听，关注演讲者的语音语调；用心观察，注意演讲者的一举一动，如姿态、肢体语言、服饰等。随着观察的深入，教师可要求学生注意演讲者的演讲技巧，并适当对演讲个案进行简单的点评，讲解其中相关的演讲技巧知识，引导学生了解成功演讲的关键因素。也可以选择CCTV杯全国大学生演讲比赛的录像给学生们观摩。实践证明，演讲课程之初多观看英语演讲成功的范例、演讲比赛的录像可以帮助学习者克服羞涩、树立信心，是演讲学习初期一个不可或缺的重要环节。

2. 模仿成功演讲

观摩一定量的成功演讲范例后便可引导学生开始有意识地模仿。首先是形态模仿。鼓励学生模仿演讲者的“形态”，但并不是要求学生与演讲者有一模一样的身势语，因为文化差异，有些身势语在中国不一定能得到认同，如过多的耸肩和扬眉等。要根据演讲内容配以适当的肢体语言，其可以与原演讲者的动作有差异，但基调和情绪必须是一致的，不能把演讲做成盛气凌人的训诫或哗众取宠的煽情。其次是声音模仿。要求学生模仿演讲者的用声技巧，如气息强弱的处理、换气、断句、停顿等。语音的模仿是关键，元音要尽量发得饱满，结尾的辅音要轻发，还有注意吞音和连读现象等。语调也不可忽视，要求学生在演讲节奏、句子升降调、轻重音等方面尽量靠近演讲者。最后是文本模仿。演讲文本模仿亦如书法临帖，很讲究“循规蹈矩”，一般而言，尊承古人的法帖是最优的选择，可以少走弯路。因此，教师可从经典范本中挑选出精华部分，如精彩的开头、有力的说理、美妙的修辞等供学生模仿写作自己的演讲稿。

3. 演讲技巧训练

观摩和模仿是演讲的初始阶段，之后就进入阶段性和针对性的技巧训练阶段，如怎样审题、怎样谋篇布局、怎样开头、怎样结尾、怎样组织材料进行主体内容的逻辑说理、怎样做到演讲文字的准确与生动等。讲授完相关技巧后要留大量的时间让学生进行实践，在实践中体会、掌握和运用这些技巧。教师可以给出题目，组织学生以小组为单位进行讨论、收集相关材料、拟出提纲、整理材料、写出讲稿。老师进一步指导学生修改演讲文本，要求学生把观摩到的演讲技巧和课堂学到的演讲知识充分运用其中。课堂上有针对性地挑选学生进行演讲实战，演讲完毕后，先由同学点评，然后老师做出整体评价，提出改进意见。经过这个阶段的训练，学生大多能在众人面前开口演讲，而且是言之有物的、逻辑性较强的演讲。

4. 课堂英语演讲比赛

当演讲的基本技巧都进行了介绍和训练之后，学生对演讲技巧运用得比较娴熟，信心也逐步树立起来。接下来要锻炼学生在激烈竞争的环境下的心理素质和思维表达能力。可将命题演讲和即席演讲结合起来训练。教师可提供一些演讲题目让学生抽签（题目应该随着课时的推进由易到难），抽到签后给学生3～5分钟的时间准备，然后做出一个3分钟左右的演讲。先在小组内进行比赛，由组员打分，评出最佳演讲。然后各组的优胜者再在全班范围内进行角逐。分组比赛的好处在于在有限的时间内让更多的学生得到锻炼；让学生进行打分的好处在于提高学生的鉴赏能力，让他们更好地了解和掌握评判演讲的标准，从而进一步提高自己的演讲水平。

5. 课堂英语辩论赛

英语辩论赛更能锻炼学生在高度紧张的氛围里的逻辑思维、语言表达、快速反应的能力，更具挑战性。在大量命题演讲、即席演讲训练之后，可组织一些班级辩论赛。教师拟定一个贴近生活、有时代色彩又富有争议的题目，将学生分成正反两方。学生课前收集材料，做好充分准备。课上进行辩论，按照正规辩论赛的赛制和程序，正反、反方分别设一、二、三辩及自由发言人，由教师充当主席。辩论演讲更具对抗性，是即席演讲的更高层次，是锻炼学生心理素质、知识储备、语言表达等方面的有效手段，一般可一个月举行一次。

6. 演讲拍摄及分析

每次上课先让两名学生在全班面前做有准备的主题演讲，各3分钟，教师用摄像机拍摄下来。下次课上播放上次拍摄下的学生演讲录像，教师带领全班同学进行分析讨论，利用相关的反馈表向演讲人提出具体的反馈意见。运用和分析学生自己的演讲视频资料可使课堂教学更生动、有效。演讲学生看到自己的形象和表现，可以更清楚、更客观地认识自己的不足，更全面地了解自己的水平，从而找到自己努力的方向。通过观看演讲视频的其他同学就可以比较、分析出他人演讲的优劣，以扬长避短。

通过以上这些教学环节和手段，学生的心理素质、分析推理的思维能力、快速准确的语言表达能力必定得到锻炼和提高，学生的英语语言学习和运用水平、文化修养、批判性思维能力以及审美能力都将得到协同发展。

参考文献：

[1]谢文玉.“读议写”课程改革―――以美国历史与文化教学实践为例[J].湖南师范大学教育科学学报，2012，（2）：118-120.

[2]Lucas，Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking[M].New York：Random House，1986.

[3]陈 惠.英语口语教程[M].长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，2010.

英语演讲主题

We all have a common home. she provides us with enough food, enough water and enough living room.We get everything from the nature to live better, but we donnot do anything to protect her. how the air is polluted;the earth is poisoned; water is unsafe to drink and rubbish is burying the civilization that man owns.

Our environment is being polluted faster than nature and man's present efforts can prevent. time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry.So many trees will be cut down, and more large cities will be set up. lots of waste material, in return,is produced and harms the environment.so some experts declare that the balance of nature is being upset,so that the very survival of man is in danger.

How can we solve this problem?the answer is that we must control the speed of growing people,forbid everyone to cut down trees and pour waste water into rivers and so on.

If we achieve this, the environment will turn very clean,and our future will be full of happiness.

英语演讲主题

Knowing the consequences of choice

Over the past spring festival, i got involved in a family dispute. right before i got home, four satellite channels of cctv were added to the 14 channels we had already had. in prime time at night, they all had interesting shows. therefore, the five of us-my parents, my sisters and i-had to argue over what to watch. finally, we agreed that we should watch the "most interesting" programme... if we

Could agree what that was.

However, all of us there remember that for a long time after we had tv, there were only one or two channels available. the increase in options reveals an important change in our life: the abundance of choice.

Fifteen years ago we all dressed in one style and in one colour. today, we select from a wide variety of designs and shades.

Fifteen years ago, we read few newspapers. today, we read english newspapers like the china daily and the 21st century, as well as various chinese newspapers.

Fifteen years ago, english majors took only courses in language and literature. today, we also study western culture, journalism, business communications, international relations, and computer science.

The emergence of choices marks the beginning of a new era in china's history; an era of diversity, of material and cultural richness, and an era of the rebirth of the chinese nation.

We enjoy the abundance of choice. but this has not come easily.

About 150 years ago, china was forced to open up its door by western canons and gunboats. it has been through the struggle and sacrifice of generations that we finally have gained the opportunity to choose for ourselves. the policy of reform and openness is the choice that has made all the difference.

Like others of my age, i'm too young to have experienced the time when the chinese people had no right to choose. however, as the next century draws near, it is time to ask: what does choice really mean to us young people?

Is choice a game that relies on chance or luck? is choice an empty promise that never materializes? or is choice a puzzle so difficult that we have to avoid it?

First, i would like to say: to choose means to claim opportunities.

I am a third-year english major. an important choice for me, of course, is what to do upon graduation. i can go to graduate school, at home or abroad. i can go to work as a teacher, a translator, a journalist, an editor and a diplomat. actually, the system of mutual selection has allowed me to approach almost every career opportunity in china.

Indeed, this is not going to be an easy choice. i would love to work in such big cities as beijing or shanghai or shenzhen. i would also love to return to my hometown, which is intimate, though slightly lagging in development. i would love to stay in the coastal area where life is exciting and fast-paced. i would also love to put down roots in central and western china, which is underdeveloped, but holds

Great potential.

All of these sound good. but they are only possibilities. to those of us who are bewildered at the abundance of opportunities, i would like to say: to choose means to accept challenge.

To us young people, challenge often emerges in the form of competition. in the next century, competition will not only come from other college graduates, but also from people of all ages and of all origins.

With increasing international exchanges, we have to face growing competition from the whole outside world. this is calling for a higher level of our personal development.

Fifteen years ago, the knowledge of a foreign language or of computer operation was considered merely an advantage. but today, with wider educational opportunities, this same knowledge has become essential to everyone.

Given this situation, even our smallest choices will require great wisdom and personal determination.

As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important.

As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important.

Nuclear power, for instance, may improve our quality of life. but it can also be used to damage the lives and possessions of millions.

Aconomic development has enriched our lives but brought with it serious harm to our air, water and health.

To those of us who are blind to the consequences of their choices, i would like to say, to choose means to take responsibility. when we are making choices for ourselves, we cannot casually say: "it's just my own business. " as policy makers of the next century, we cannot fail to see our responsibility to those who share the earth with us.

The traditional chinese culture teaches us to study hard and work hard so as to honor our family. to me, however, this family is not just the five of us who quarreled over television programmes. rather, it is the whole of the human family. as i am making my choices, i will not forget the smile of my teacher when i correctly spelled out the word "china" for the first time, i will not forget the happy faces of the boys and girls we helped to send back to school in the mountains of jiangxi province. i will not forget the tearful eyes of women and children in bosnia, chechnya and somali, where millions are suffering from war, famine or poverty.

All these people, known and unknown, make up our big human family. at different points, they came into my life and broaden my perspective. now as i am to make choices for myself, it is time to make efforts to improve their lives, because a world will benefit us all only if every one in it can lead a peaceful and prosperous life.